The guinea pig's celebrity (and infamy) dates to the late 1800s and the sundry reputations of the early germ theorists. One by one, the major diseases of the time were reduced to their bacterial causes. Robert Koch, a country doctor working out of his cottage in Wollstein, Germany, identified the agents responsible for anthrax, cholera, and staphylococcus. He began by swapping sera from field mice, rabbits, monkeys, and guinea pigs, but the latter proved especially apt. Bred as a food source, guinea pigs were gentle, quiet, unperturbed by cages, and?by a fortunate coincidence, perhaps?prone to infectious disease. (You can give a Cavy full-blown tuberculosis with a single spore of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, says TB researcher David McMurray.) By the time he was named to a prestigious professorship in Berlin, Koch was using guinea pigs by the armful.
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